日期：12-19作者：网友整理人气：443我来说
介词to与for引出间接宾语时所搭配的动词
两者都可以引出间接宾语，但要根据不同的动词分别选用介词to 或for，具体应注意以下三种情况：
1. 在give, pass, hand, lend, send, tell, bring, show, pay, read, return, write, offer, teach, throw 等之后接介词to。如：
Please give me a dictionary. =Please give a dictionary to me. 请给我一本词典。
Please pass me the salt. =Please pass the salt to me. 请把盐递给我。
He handed her his drink. =He handed his drink to her. 他把他的饮料递给她。
Send him some.=Send some to him. 送一些给他。
Bring me a glass of water.=Bring a glass of water for me. 给我倒杯水来。
We have sent him a telegram.=We have sent a telegram to him. 我们已给他发了一份电报。
Please lend me this book for a week. = Please lend this book to me for a week. 请把这本书借给我一星期。
Throw me the ball.=Throw the ball to me. 把球扔给我。
Please show me your photo.=Please show your photo to me. 请给我看看你的照片。
Show her some kindness.=Show some kindness to her. 对她客气些。
I paid him the money.=I paid the money to him. 我将钱付给了他。
Please read me the letter.= Please read the letter to me. 请把信念给我听。
Please write me the result.=Please write the result to me. 请把结果写给我。
He wrote her some letters.=He wrote some letters to her. 他给她写了几封信。
He offered her his chair.=He offered his chair to her. 他把他的椅子给她坐。
He teaches the children maths.=He teach maths to the children. 他教孩子们学数学。
2. 在buy, make, get, order, cook, sing, fetch, play, find, paint, choose, prepare, spare 等之后用介词for 。如：
Will you get me a ticket?=Will you get a ticket for me? 你能为我弄张票吗?
My uncle bought me an English dictionary.=My uncle bought an English dictionary for me. 我叔叔为我买了本英语词典。
She cooked us some potatoes. =She cooked some potatoes for us. 她给我们煮了些土豆。
He sang us an English song.=He sang an English song for us. 他为我们唱了首英语歌。
Please find me the keys. = Please find the keys for me. 请帮我把钥匙找到。
Can you spare me a few minutes?=Can you spare a few minutes for me? 能耽搁你几分钟吗(即你能为我抽出几分钟吗)?
Fetch me the dictionary.=Fetch the dictionary for me. 给我把那本字典拿来。
He chose me a nice present.=He chose a nice present for me. 他为我选了件漂亮的礼物。
Mother is preparing a meal for us.=Mother is preparing us a meal. 母亲在给我们准备饭菜。
3. 有的动词由于用法和含义不同，用介词to 或for 都是可能的。如：
do sb a favour＝do a favour for sb 帮某人的忙
do sb harm＝do harm to sb 对某人有害
在有的情况下，可能既不用for 也不用to，而用其他的介词。如：
play sb a trick＝play a trick on sb 作弄某人
请比较：
play sb some folk songs＝play some folk songs for sb 给某人演奏民歌
有时同一个动词，由于用法不同，所搭配的介词也可能不同，如leave sb sth 这一结构，若表示一般意义的为某人留下某物，则用介词for 引出间接宾语，即说leave sth for sb；若表示某人死后遗留下某物，则用介词to 引出间接宾语，即说leave sth to sb。如：
Would you like to leave him a message? / Would you like to leave a message for him? 你要不要给他留个话？
Her father left her a large fortune. / Her father left a large fortune to her. 她父亲死后给她留下了一大笔财产。
to与for表示目标和方向时的区别
to 与for 均可表示目标、目的地、方向等，此时也要根据不同动词分别对待。
1. 在come, go, walk, move, fly, ride, drive, march, return 等动词之后通常用介词to 表示目标或目的地。如：
We’d better go to the playground. 我们最好到运动场去。
We do hope that you will come to the party. 我们真希望你能参加这个宴会。
I walked to the corner and made a right turn. 我走到拐角处向右拐。
They moved to New York to seek jobs. 他们搬到纽约找工作。
I’m flying to America, but my car is being shipped. 我坐飞机去美国，但我的汽车要用船运去。
I ride to school on my bike. 我骑自行车上学。
He returned to England to find himself famous. 他回到英国，发现自己竟出了名。
There are three principal routes by which one can drive to North Wales. 开车到北威尔士，有3条主要路线可走。
2. 在leave, start, set out, set off, sail, head 等动词之后，通常用介词for 表示方向。如：
What time do you start for work? 你几点钟去上班?
He started for Paris last week. 上周他动身去巴黎了。
He set out for home directly after the party. 晚会后他直接回家了。
No ships were to sail for France. 没有开往法国。
They equipped themselves with a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest. 他们带上两把利斧朝森林走去。
She was very emotional; she cried even when her husband left for another city on business. 她很易动感情，她丈夫到另一个城市出差时她竟然放声大哭。
After the play we all headed for the bar. 看完戏后我们都去了酒吧。
The thirsty animals headed for the water. 干渴的动物向水走去。
注：在某些名词之后也通常用介词for(有时也用to) 表示方向或目的地。如：
Is this the train for [to] Paris? 这是开往巴黎的火车吗?
Passengers for Oxford must change at Didcot. 前往牛津的旅客必须在迪德考特换车。
1.表示各种“目的”，用for
（1）What do you study English for? 你为什么要学英语？
（2）went to france for holiday. 她到法国度假去了。
（3）These books are written for pupils. 这些书是为学生些的。
（4）hope for the best, prepare for the worst. 作最好的打算，作最坏的准备。
2．“对于”用for
（1）She has a liking for painting. 她爱好绘画。
（2）She had a natural gift for teaching. 她对教学有天赋/
3．表示“赞成、同情”，用for
（1）Are you for the idea or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个想法？
（2）He expresses sympathy for the common people.. 他表现了对普通老百姓的同情。
（3）I felt deeply sorry for my friend who was very ill.
4. 表示“因为，由于”（常有较活译法），用for
（1）Thank you for coming. 谢谢你来。
（2）France is famous for its wines. 法国因酒而出名。
5．当事人对某事的主观看法，“对于（某人），对…来说”，（多和形容词连用），用介词to，不用for.
（1）He said that money was not important to him. 他说钱对他并不重要。
（2）To her it was rather unusual. 对她来说这是相当不寻常的。
（3）They are cruel to animals. 他们对动物很残忍。
6．和fit, good, bad, useful, suitable 等形容词连用，表示“适宜，适合”，用for。
（1）Some training will make them fit for the job. 经过一段训练，他们会胜任这项工作的。
（2）Exercises are good for health. 锻炼有益于健康。
（3）Smoking and drinking are bad for health. 抽烟喝酒对健康有害。
（4）You are not suited for the kind of work you are doing.
7. 表示不定式逻辑上的主语，可以用在主语、表语、状语、定语中。
（1）It would be best for you to write to him.
（2）The simple thing is for him to resign at once.
（3）There was nowhere else for me to go.
（4）He opened a door and stood aside for her to pass.
8. 表示“前往（某地），去某地”，用for不用to
（1）I bought a ticket for Milan.
（2）I start for Shanghai tomorrow. 我明天去上海。
（3）The ship is for Liverpool. 这艘船是开往利物浦的。
9. 表示“到达的目的地、终点”，用to，而不用for
（1）The bus will take you to the post office. 公共汽车会把你送到邮局去的。
（2）He saw her to the railway station. 他把她送到火车站。
10．“作为……（意思接近as）”，for可以与to互换。
（1）I’ll keep it for a souvenir. 我将把它留作纪念。
（2）He spoke English so well that I took him for a foreigner.
他英语说的那么好，我还以为他是外国人。
（3）He took her to (or for) wife. 他娶她为妻。
11．表示“交换”
1）I bought a bicycle for seven hundred yuan. 我以七百元买了一辆自行车。
2）He is willing to work for nothing. 他愿意义务地工作。
12．表示“就…来说”，用for
He was tall for his age. 以他的年龄来说他的个子是很高的。
For so young a man he had read widely. 作为这样年轻的人，他书读的是够多了。
13．表示“相应、对应”，一般for 的前后用同一个名词。
Don’t translate word for word. 不要逐词翻译。
Blood for blood ! 血债血偿。
Eye for eye, tooth for tooth. 以眼还眼，以牙还牙。
To 的此种用法表示“贴着，对着”。
The two lovers dance cheek to cheek. 这对情侣跳贴面舞。
They stood face to face ( back to back ) . 他们面对面（背对背）地站着。
14. to 和动词连用，表示“对”，“向”“给”等
Did you mention this to him? 你向他提到这事了吗？
Give my love to your parents. 代我向你父母问好。
I have to apologize to you. 我得向你道歉。
