【清辅音和浊辅音】
清辅音（unvoiced consonants）：/t, f, p, k, θ, s, ʃ, tʃ/等；声带不震动
浊辅音（voiced consonants）：/b, g, ð, v, z, ʒ, dʒ, n, m, l, r/等，声带震动
【规则动词-ed的发音】
-ed发音可分为三种:[d]、[t]、[ɪd]
【-ed的发音规则①】
单词发音结尾是清辅音［p, f, θ, s, tʃ, ʃ, k］（除［t］外）+『-ed』，此时-ed读作[t]
我们把它叫做“无声接无声”，例如：
walk /wɔk/
walked/wɔkt/
Eg： I walked away.
【-ed的发音规则① 例子】
Popped→He popped a balloon.
Talked→They talked a lot.
Laughed→I laughed at the movie.
Kissed→She kissed a frog.
Reached→I reached around for it.
【-ed的发音规则②】
单词发音结尾是浊辅音（除[d]以外）或元音+『-ed』，此时-ed读作[d]
我们把它叫做“有声接有声”，例如：
smell [smɛl]
smelled [smɛld]
Eg：It smelled bad.
【-ed的发音规则② 例子】
Bobbed→It bobbed up and down.
Begged→He begged her to stay.
Loved→They loved it.
Raised→You raised your expectations.
Claimed→I claimed it was mine.
Banned→They banned new members.
Cleared→He cleared it up.
Rolled→I rolled up the paper.
【-ed的发音规则③】
单词发音结尾是[t]或 [d] + 『-ed』，此时-ed读作[ɪd]
例如：
visit ['vɪzɪt]
visited ['vɪzɪtɪd]
Eg ：I visited New York City.
1) edited→She edited the research paper.
2) ended→The meeting was soon ended.
