deficiency、shortage、lack、absence的区别

日期:12-24作者:网友整理人气:321我来说

导读:

  lack

  lack “缺乏”,用作动词表示没有所需要的东西。

  1) They lack the knowledge and power to protect their legal interests.

  (他们缺乏知识和能力来保护自身的合法权益。)

  2) I am afraid that he lacks experience in coping with such a complicated situation.

  (我担心他缺少应对这样复杂的情况的经验。)

  lack

  deficiency

  shortage

  absence

  这组名词都可表示“缺乏”、“缺少”、“不足”的意思。

  lack “缺乏”、“缺少”。

  1) His decision seems to show a lack of political judgment.

  (他的决定似乎显示出缺乏政治判断力。)

  2) There is no lack of finance for the project, but progress is slow because of inefficient organization and the lack of trained technicians.

  (这个项目并不缺少资金,但是进展缓慢,原因是组织效率低,缺乏专门训练有素的技术人员)

  deficiency “缺少”、“不足”,多指人体所需物质,如维生素、钙、铁、锌等,或指智力的缺乏。

  1) Many of the features of common chronic disorders are identical to the symptoms of zinc deficiencies.

  (许多常见慢性疾病的特症与锌缺乏的症状都是相同的。)

  2) Severe malnutrition in very young children may give rise to mental deficiency.

  (幼儿严重营养不良可能会引起智力缺陷。)

  shortage“缺乏”、“短缺”、“紧缺”,指东西不足,远远不能满足需求。

  1) There has been a severe water shortage in some of the northern cities of our country.

  (我国一些北方城市已经出现严重的水资源短缺的问题。)

  2) It is often said that the United States has a severe skill shortage in high technology.

  (经常有人说美国在高科技领域严重短缺技术人员。)

  absence “缺席”、“缺乏”,用于人时常表示“缺席”,用于物时常表示“缺乏”

  1) You really have to give us reasonable reason for your absence.

  (你真的得给我们合理的理由解释你为什么缺席。)

  2)When the heart stops, the absence of oxygenated blood can cause irreparable brain damage in only a few minutes.

  (如果心脏停止,得不到氧的血液会只要几分钟就会造成无法弥补的脑损害。)

  lacking

  deficient

  这两词是形容词,用法同名词。这两个形容词后都接介词in。

  lacking in

  deficient in

  1) We are lacking in adequate fund to continue the program which has carried out for three years.

  (我们缺少足够的资金继续这个已经进行了三年的项目。)

  2) Children’s brains cannot develop when they are deficient in protein.

  (儿童大脑缺乏蛋白质就无法发发育。)

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